Everything about the Fourth Anglo-mysore War totally explained
The
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (
1798–
1799) was a war in
South India between the
Kingdom of Mysore and the
British East India Company under General Harris. He had taken over as Governor-General of the Company after Lord
Charles Cornwallis.
Napoleon's landing in
Egypt in 1798 was intended to threaten India, and
Mysore was a key to that next step, as the ruler of Mysore,
Tipu Sultan, was a staunch ally of
France.
Although
Horatio Nelson crushed Napoleon's ambitions at the
Battle of the Nile, three armies - one from
Bombay, and two British (one of which contained a division that was commanded by Colonel
Arthur Wellesley the future 1st
Duke of Wellington) - nevertheless marched into Mysore in
1799 and besieged the capital,
Srirangapatnam after some engagements with the Tipu's armies. On
May 4, the armies
broke through the defending walls and
Tipu Sultan, rushing to the breach, was shot and killed. Tipu was betrayed in this war by one of his commanders,
Mir Sadiq, a traitor who was bought by the British. He sent the army to collect wages at the height of the battle thus giving the British a chance to enter through the hole made through bombardment of the wall. It is also known that he spread water in the basement where the ammunition was stored, making the ammunition unusable.
One notable military advance championed by
Tipu Sultan was the use of mass attacks with rocket brigades in the army. The effect of these weapons on the British during the Third and Fourth
Mysore Wars was sufficiently impressive to inspire
William Congreve to invent
Congreve rockets.
This was the last of the four
Anglo-Mysore Wars. The British took indirect control of Mysore, restoring the
Wodeyar dynasty to the Mysore throne (with a British commissioner to advise him on all issues). Tipu's young heir,
Fateh Ali, was sent into exile. The Kingdom of Mysore became a
princely state of British India, and ceded
Coimbatore,
North Kanara, and
South Kanara to the British.
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